Publications
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April 17, 2025
Forest Biofuel Biodiversity Impact Assessment
Concawe contracted AFRY to assess the biodiversity impact of using forest residues for advanced biofuel production in Europe. The study explores the ecological significance of deadwood in forest ecosy...
March 28, 2025
Algae to Liquid Biofuels – State of Industry and Technology Literature Review
Report no. 3/25: Decarbonizing transport is crucial for Europe’s GHG reduction goals, with biofuels expected to play a key role, particularly in aviation and maritime sectors, where electrification...
March 14, 2025
Study on the potential evolution of Refining and Liquid Fuels production in Europe
Concawe engaged S&P Global Commodity Insights (SPGCI) to analyse the potential impact of the EU’s target to achieve net-zero emission by 2050 on the region’s refining industry and security of...
January 29, 2025
A Review of Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Gas Firing in Combustion Units at Refineries
Report no. 2/25: Particulate matter is defined as either filterable (FPM) or condensable (CPM) and by size: FPM2.5 refers to filterable particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm and FPM10 those...
January 27, 2025
Reflections on technical issues related to derivation of PFAS Environmental Quality Standards
In 2022, the European Commission (EC) published a proposal for amending the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), the Groundwater Directive (2006/118/EC) and the Environmental Quality Standards Dire...
January 22, 2025
Measurements of emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) and Semi-Volatile and Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds (S/IVOC) from refinery sources – Phase 1: A refinery fuel gas-fired heater
Report no. 1/25: This report provides the results from two measurement campaigns carried out on a gas-fired heater at a refinery in north-west Europe. The main purposes of the campaigns were i) to mea...
January 20, 2025
Hazard classification and labelling of petroleum substances in the European Economic Area – 2024
Report no. 15/24: This report updates Concawe’s classification and labelling recommendations of report No. 9/23 to address the latest updates to Concawe dossiers and changes to CLP regulation. Furth...
January 8, 2025
The Concawe NO2 source apportionment viewer: A web-application to mitigate NO2 pollution from traffic and other sources
To mitigate air pollution, source apportionment is a key element for the design of effective measures. However, source apportionment often involves complex model chains only accessible to expert users...
January 7, 2025
Deriving Membrane−Water and Protein−Water Partition Coefficients from In Vitro Experiments for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
The phospholipid membrane−water partition coefficients (KMW) and equilibrium binding affinities for human serum albumin (HSA) of 60 structurally diverse perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances...
December 16, 2024
Sustainable Remediation: Identification of sustainable management practices (SMPs) for remediation projects at fuel manufacturing sites
This report presents the results of the initial phase of the project and is the culmination of a workshop held by Concawe in April 2024 and subsequent inputs from Concawe members and the CL:AIRE/ERM t...
December 11, 2024
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their impact on urban air quality: Lessons learned, current understanding and future challenges
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can have a significant impact on atmospheric composition, impacting both air quality and climate. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BVOC e...
October 29, 2024
Review of End-Of-Life Management Options for Refinery Equipment and Lubricants/Greases Potentially Containing PFAS
Report no. 12/24: This report presents a review of end-of-life equipment and components containing PFAS, in particular fluoropolymers, used in refinery and fuel distribution facilities. The project in...
September 20, 2024
Water Use and Efficiencies in Refineries
Report no. 10/24: This report has been prepared by ERM for Concawe with the aim of describing current water use in EU refineries, establishing the refining water footprint, and examining alternatives...
September 4, 2024
European downstream oil industry safety performance – Statistical summary of reported incidents, 2023
Report no. 9/24: The 2023 annual report on European downstream oil industry safety performance presents work-related personal injuries for the industry’s own employees and contractors and process sa...
September 3, 2024
A New Toolbox for Managing Sites Impacted by Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs)
The Concawe LNAPL Toolbox is one of the first completely web-based tools for managing and remediating light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) impacted sites. An off-line downloadable version is also a...
August 26, 2024
Sustainability Assessment of Waste Sludges Management Options
Report Nº 11/24: This report presents a sustainability assessment of waste oily sludges treatment technologies in refinery operations. It provides further analysis of sources, volumes, pre-treatment...
August 12, 2024
The impact of shipping on the air quality in European port cities with a detailed analysis for Rotterdam
Air quality in cities with large maritime ports is considerably impacted by emissions from shipping activity which is of a growing relevance due to an increasing relative contribution. To explore the...
July 19, 2024
Identification of Aerobic ETBE-Degrading Microorganisms in Groundwater Using Stable Isotope Probing
A limited number of microorganisms have been identified with the capability to degrade ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in the environment. Knowledge of the identity and distribution of ETBE-degradin...
July 15, 2024
Concawe Review 32.2 – Special Air Quality Edition
This Review is focused on air quality.
The first and third articles in this Review summarise studies conducted in collaboration with TNO, which analyse the influence that some sectors have on the a...
July 15, 2024
The impact of aviation emissions on urban air quality in Europe – An airport/city analysis
This article presents results from a modelling study carried out to assess the influence that aviation emissions have on air quality in Europe. Using a 3-D chemical transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) and i...
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