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Practical guidance to determine NMVOC emissions from refinery wastewater collection and treatment facilities
May 20, 2025

Practical guidance to determine NMVOC emissions from refinery wastewater collection and treatment facilities

Report no. 5/25: Wastewater from refinery operation contains various pollutants that shall be purified prior to wastewater emitted to sea. A major pollutant is hydrocarbon remains. Wastewater collecti...
2022 Survey of Effluent Quality and Water Use at European Refineries
May 16, 2025

2022 Survey of Effluent Quality and Water Use at European Refineries

Report no. 4/25: Since 1969, Concawe has been gathering and compiling data on aqueous effluents from European oil refinery installations. Surveys have been completed at 3-5 yearly intervals. Since 201...
Sustainability Assessment of Traditional and Emerging Treatment Techniques for Refinery Oily Sludges
May 12, 2025

Sustainability Assessment of Traditional and Emerging Treatment Techniques for Refinery Oily Sludges

This study presents the results of a survey of EU refineries waste types production, their sources and management options, with focus on oily sludges and a sustainability assessment of selected tradi...
Forest Biofuel Biodiversity Impact Assessment
April 17, 2025

Forest Biofuel Biodiversity Impact Assessment

Concawe contracted AFRY to assess the biodiversity impact of using forest residues for advanced biofuel production in Europe. The study explores the ecological significance of deadwood in forest ecosy...
Algae to Liquid Biofuels – State of Industry and Technology Literature Review
March 28, 2025

Algae to Liquid Biofuels – State of Industry and Technology Literature Review

Report no. 3/25: Decarbonizing transport is crucial for Europe’s GHG reduction goals, with biofuels expected to play a key role, particularly in aviation and maritime sectors, where electrification...
Study on the potential evolution of Refining and Liquid Fuels production in Europe
March 14, 2025

Study on the potential evolution of Refining and Liquid Fuels production in Europe

Concawe engaged S&P Global Commodity Insights (SPGCI) to analyse the potential impact of the EU’s target to achieve net-zero emission by 2050 on the region’s refining industry and security of...
A Review of Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Gas Firing in Combustion Units at Refineries
January 29, 2025

A Review of Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Gas Firing in Combustion Units at Refineries

Report no. 2/25: Particulate matter is defined as either filterable (FPM) or condensable (CPM) and by size: FPM2.5 refers to filterable particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm and FPM10 those...
Reflections on technical issues related to derivation of PFAS Environmental Quality Standards
January 27, 2025

Reflections on technical issues related to derivation of PFAS Environmental Quality Standards

In 2022, the European Commission (EC) published a proposal for amending the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), the Groundwater Directive (2006/118/EC) and the Environmental Quality Standards Dire...
Measurements of emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) and Semi-Volatile and Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds (S/IVOC) from refinery sources – Phase 1: A refinery fuel gas-fired heater
January 22, 2025

Measurements of emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) and Semi-Volatile and Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds (S/IVOC) from refinery sources – Phase 1: A refinery fuel gas-fired heater

Report no. 1/25: This report provides the results from two measurement campaigns carried out on a gas-fired heater at a refinery in north-west Europe. The main purposes of the campaigns were i) to mea...
Hazard classification and labelling of petroleum substances in the European Economic Area – 2024
January 20, 2025

Hazard classification and labelling of petroleum substances in the European Economic Area – 2024

Report no. 15/24: This report updates Concawe’s classification and labelling recommendations of report No. 9/23 to address the latest updates to Concawe dossiers and changes to CLP regulation. Furth...
The Concawe NO2 source apportionment viewer: A web-application to mitigate NO2 pollution from traffic and other sources
January 8, 2025

The Concawe NO2 source apportionment viewer: A web-application to mitigate NO2 pollution from traffic and other sources

To mitigate air pollution, source apportionment is a key element for the design of effective measures. However, source apportionment often involves complex model chains only accessible to expert users...
Deriving Membrane−Water and Protein−Water Partition Coefficients from In Vitro Experiments for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
January 7, 2025

Deriving Membrane−Water and Protein−Water Partition Coefficients from In Vitro Experiments for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

The phospholipid membrane−water partition coefficients (KMW) and equilibrium binding affinities for human serum albumin (HSA) of 60 structurally diverse perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances...
Sustainable Remediation: Identification of sustainable management practices (SMPs) for remediation projects at fuel manufacturing sites
December 16, 2024

Sustainable Remediation: Identification of sustainable management practices (SMPs) for remediation projects at fuel manufacturing sites

This report presents the results of the initial phase of the project and is the culmination of a workshop held by Concawe in April 2024 and subsequent inputs from Concawe members and the CL:AIRE/ERM t...
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their impact on urban air quality: Lessons learned, current understanding and future challenges
December 11, 2024

Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their impact on urban air quality: Lessons learned, current understanding and future challenges

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can have a significant impact on atmospheric composition, impacting both air quality and climate. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BVOC e...
Review of End-Of-Life Management Options for Refinery Equipment and Lubricants/Greases Potentially Containing PFAS
October 29, 2024

Review of End-Of-Life Management Options for Refinery Equipment and Lubricants/Greases Potentially Containing PFAS

Report no. 12/24: This report presents a review of end-of-life equipment and components containing PFAS, in particular fluoropolymers, used in refinery and fuel distribution facilities. The project in...
Water Use and Efficiencies in Refineries
September 20, 2024

Water Use and Efficiencies in Refineries

Report no. 10/24: This report has been prepared by ERM for Concawe with the aim of describing current water use in EU refineries, establishing the refining water footprint, and examining alternatives...
European downstream oil industry safety performance – Statistical summary of reported incidents, 2023
September 4, 2024

European downstream oil industry safety performance – Statistical summary of reported incidents, 2023

Report no. 9/24: The 2023 annual report on European downstream oil industry safety performance presents work-related personal injuries for the industry’s own employees and contractors and process sa...
A New Toolbox for Managing Sites Impacted by Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs)
September 3, 2024

A New Toolbox for Managing Sites Impacted by Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs)

The Concawe LNAPL Toolbox is one of the first completely web-based tools for managing and remediating light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) impacted sites. An off-line downloadable version is also a...
Sustainability Assessment of Waste Sludges Management Options
August 26, 2024

Sustainability Assessment of Waste Sludges Management Options

Report Nº 11/24: This report presents a sustainability assessment of waste oily sludges treatment technologies in refinery operations. It provides further analysis of sources, volumes, pre-treatment...
The impact of shipping on the air quality in European port cities with a detailed analysis for Rotterdam
August 12, 2024

The impact of shipping on the air quality in European port cities with a detailed analysis for Rotterdam

Air quality in cities with large maritime ports is considerably impacted by emissions from shipping activity which is of a growing relevance due to an increasing relative contribution. To explore the...

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