This study examines how feasible and costly it would be for European refineries to reduce sulphur, aromatic, and naphthalene content in jet fuel, assessing the required refinery changes, operational impacts, additional CO₂ emissions, and potential risks to fuel supply, while highlighting implications for fuel quality and aircraft engine performance.

Evolution of Refiners’ & Fuel Manufacturers’ Strategic Role in the Energy Transition

Our new HDV CO₂ comparator aims at comparing the CO₂ performance of five heavy-duty vehicle types, with five different powertrain choices and a broad range of energy options.

Try out the cars CO₂ comparator developed by IFPEN and commissioned by Concawe to find out.