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October 21, 2000
Impact of a 10 ppm sulphur specification for transport fuels on the EU refining industry
Report no. 00/54: Production of road fuels to a 10 ppm sulphur specification is feasible but costly both in terms of refinery investments and CO2 emissions. Other fuel properties would not be signific...
October 17, 2000
Management of occupational health risks during refinery turnarounds
Report no. 00/52: This report addresses the occupational health issues which are an intrinsic part of refinery turnaround activities. It recognises the underlying importance of an effective management...
October 1, 2000
Regional ozone in Europe
Over the past three years, both the European Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE) have developed response strategies to combat concerns over acidification, eutro...
October 1, 2000
Emission control at marine terminals
The European ‘Stage 1’ Directive 94/63/EC on the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions mandates the installation of vapour emission controls for automotive gasoline storage and lo...
October 1, 2000
Aquatic toxicity testing for petroleum substances
The EU Dangerous Substances Directive (DSD) provides a systematic approach for the classification of substances based on knowledge of their intrinsic properties and in accordance with defined hazard...
October 1, 2000
Automotive particulate emissions
Particulate matter (PM) in the air continues to be the focus of increased attention due to concerns over potential health effects. Under the EU Air Quality Framework Directive an air quality standard...
October 1, 2000
Is a 10-ppm sulphur limit on road fuels desirable?
The German government proposal for the introduction of road fuels with less than 10 ppm sulphur issued at the end of last year re-launched the debate on the sulphur issue. In the meantime, the auto...
April 23, 2000
CONCAWE Review 1 – Autumn 2000
Volume 9 • Number 1: Articles in previous editions of the CONCAWE Review have concentrated on petroleum products and their role in influencing emissions from mobile and stationary combustion sources...
April 22, 2000
The legislative maze
A previous article (CONCAWE Review Vol. 8, No. 1) has described CONCAWE’s involvement in the development of the BAT (Best Available Techniques) Reference Document (BREF) for refineries under the I...
April 1, 2000
Carbon, sulphur and hydrogen in oil refineries
Accurately calculating the global carbon balance in oil refinery and petroleum product end-use systems is a challenge of nightmare proportions. All except the lightest of the output streams are of u...
April 1, 2000
The impact of Auto/Oil I and II on refinery costs and global CO2 emissions.
Under the Auto/Oil I (AO I) study work in 1996, the EU commission contracted A.D. Little associated with Touche Ross to provide the basis for the cost effects of changes to gasoline and diesel fuels c...
April 1, 2000
European air quality: changing priorities
The second European Auto/Oil Programme (AO II) mentioned in the preceding articles has involved the European Commission, together with Member States, industry1 and the NGO community, over the past t...
April 1, 2000
Global harmonized system of hazard communication for chemicals
Classification and Hazard Communication (labels and safety data sheets) for hazardous chemicals including some oil products are currently driven by national legislation for supply, and by UN harmoni...
April 1, 2000
The Precautionary Principle
The ‘Precautionary Principle’ has become very much a part of the vocabulary of the general environmental scene today. It has found its way into various international declarations and convention...
April 1, 2000
Personal exposure to air pollutants
The air quality limit values which the European Commission has been working on for the last couple of years apply to ambient air. In this sense, ‘ambient air’ is defined as outdoor air in the tr...
April 1, 2000
Estimating the implications of road fuels quality changes on the EU refining industry
Calculations of the cost and global CO2 emission implications to European refining arising as a consequence of required measures such as the Auto/Oil I and potential future Auto/Oil II legislation n...
April 1, 2000
MTBE in gasoline
The abbreviation MTBE refers to methyl tertiary butyl ether—a volatile, water-soluble, oxygencontaining,colourless liquid with an ethereal odour. In Europe, it is used mainly to boost octane rating...
January 17, 2000
The occurrence of selected hydrocarbons in food on sale at petrol station shops and comparison with food from other shops – a literature survey
Report no. 00/51: This study presents the results of a review of reports on the occurrence of some hydrocarbons in food in relation to the sales location, with a particular emphasis on petrol station...
November 21, 1999
The European Union legislative process
Report no. 99/61: This report updates Report 95/64 and describes the legislative process in the European Union, as amended by the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997. The legislative process in the EU is illustr...
November 17, 1999
Тhe health effects of PM2.5 (including ultrafine particles)
Report no. 99/60: A review has been prepared of the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 particles (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm), including so-called ultrafine particles (aerodynamic diameter <...
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