Concawe Review - Concawe

Global harmonized system of hazard communication for chemicals

Classification and Hazard Communication (labels and safety data sheets) for hazardous chemicals including some oil products are currently driven by national legislation for supply, and by UN harmoni...

Read more 01 Apr 2000

MTBE in gasoline

The abbreviation MTBE refers to methyl tertiary butyl ether—a volatile, water-soluble, oxygencontaining,colourless liquid with an ethereal odour. In Europe, it is used mainly to boost octane rating...

Read more 01 Apr 2000

Personal exposure to air pollutants

The air quality limit values which the European Commission has been working on for the last couple of years apply to ambient air. In this sense, ‘ambient air’ is defined as outdoor air in the tr...

Read more 01 Apr 2000

The impact of Auto/Oil I and II on refinery costs and global CO2 emissions.

Under the Auto/Oil I (AO I) study work in 1996, the EU commission contracted A.D. Little associated with Touche Ross to provide the basis for the cost effects of changes to gasoline and diesel fuels c...

Read more 01 Apr 2000

The Precautionary Principle

The ‘Precautionary Principle’ has become very much a part of the vocabulary of the general environmental scene today. It has found its way into various international declarations and convention...

Read more 01 Apr 2000

CONCAWE Review – Autumn 1999

Volume 8 • Number 2: In May this year the CONCAWE Council elected me as the new Chairman of the organization. It is both a privilege and a challenge to take over this responsibility. A privilege...

Health effects of ambient PM— an update

Directive 1999/30/EC was adopted in April of this year by the Council of the European Union. This is the first Daughter Directive established under the Air Quality Framework Directive. The Directive...

Ambient particulate matter: sources and apportioning

The quality of the air we breathe has become an increasingly important and emotive issue over the past few years. To date, the regulation of air quality has focused mainly on outdoor air (even th...

Read more 01 Oct 1999

Exposure profiles

The risk assessment of chemical substances is based on a comparison of the potential adverse effects of a substance at given concentrations with the known or foreseeable exposure for man and the env...

Read more 01 Oct 1999

Fuels and engines need to be developed together

Much discussion has taken place in Auto/Oil-I, Auto/Oil-II and many other forums on how to achieve air quality targets in a scientific and cost-effective way. The basis is sound science, starting wi...

Read more 01 Oct 1999

Mobile phones

Mobile phones have rapidly become one of the necessities of modern life, allowing people to keep in touch with each other at all times. As we all know, they can also be annoying when they ring at inap...

Read more 01 Oct 1999

Particulates and policy — the role of models

In the companion article in this Review (pp. 6–9) we examine the current state of understanding on the sources of particulate matter (emission inventories) and their contribution to ambient levels�...

Read more 01 Oct 1999

CONCAWE Review – Spring 1999

Volume 8 • Number 1: Dear Reader, The past year has seen a dramatic fall in the price of crude oil, resulting in a number of high profile mergers, and further cost-cutting and staff reduction pr...

Assessing the monetary benefit of improving air quality

The European Commission and some Member States have recently carried out studies to estimate the monetary benefits of proposals to improve air quality and reduce adverse effects on the environment....

Read more 01 Apr 1999

Best Available Techniques to reduce emissions from refineries

Over the past few years, European governments have progressively sought the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the control of environmental emissions from a range of industrial sectors...

Read more 01 Apr 1999

CONCAWE issues guidelines on gasoline volatility aspects for year 2000 EN 228 standard

Gasoline volatility specifications are defined in volatility classes in the European Standard EN 228. CEN member countries have selected up to three volatility classes to satisfy the driveability re...

Read more 01 Apr 1999

Developments related to the Existing Substances Regulation

Council Regulation (EEC) 793/93 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances, generally known as the ‘Existing Substances Regulation’ was adopted on 23 March 1993 and entere...

Read more 01 Apr 1999

Energy use and CO2 emissions in refinery operations

Increasing the complexity and severity of refinery operations to meet new product specifications, necessarily leads to an increase in energy use. This can be (partially) offset by improved energy e...

Read more 01 Apr 1999

The Seveso 2 Directive

The subject of this report is the Council Directive on the Control of Major Accident Hazards involving dangerous substances, popularly known as the COMAH Directive or, alternatively, Seveso 2. This...

Read more 01 Apr 1999

What will European air quality be like in the future?

The community of official stakeholders (Commission personnel, Members of Parliament and Parliament Staff, Member State civil servants, academics, industry specialists and environmentalists alike) ar...

Read more 01 Apr 1999

CONCAWE Review – Autumn 1998

Volume 7 • Number 2: Dear Reader, Agreement has now been reached between the Environment Council and the European Parliament on the 2000/2005 emission standards for passenger cars and light comm...

Acidification strategy sensitivity analysis

In mid 1997, the European Commission published its strategy to combat adverse environmental effects resulting from the deposition of acidifying pollutants. The ultimate target was to achieve zero exce...

Automotive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified certain PAH as carcinogenic to animals and probably carcinogenic to humans. Evidence for the carcinogenicity of some PAH is equivocal;for...

Cost-effectiveness of marine vapour emissions control

The European Directive (94/63/EC) on the ‘control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions resulting from the storage of petrol and its distribution from terminals to service stations’, the so...