Assessing the monetary benefit of improving air quality

Apr 1, 1999

The European Commission and some Member States have recently carried out studies to estimate the monetary benefits of proposals to improve air quality and reduce adverse effects on the environment. Early studies suggested extremely high monetary benefits arising from...

Energy use and CO2 emissions in refinery operations

Apr 1, 1999

Increasing the complexity and severity of refinery operations to meet new product specifications, necessarily leads to an increase in energy use. This can be (partially) offset by improved energy efficiency. What options are available to reduce overall CO2...

Developments related to the Existing Substances Regulation

Apr 1, 1999

Council Regulation (EEC) 793/93 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances, generally known as the ‘Existing Substances Regulation’ was adopted on 23 March 1993 and entered into force 60 days after its publication in the Official Journal of the...

CONCAWE Review – Autumn 1998

Oct 23, 1998

Volume 7 • Number 2: Dear Reader, Agreement has now been reached between the Environment Council and the European Parliament on the 2000/2005 emission standards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles and the related fuel quality requirements. In a press...

The hazards of static electricity

Oct 1, 1998

Static electricity incidents have occurred in recent years which have highlighted concerns about explosion or fire while transferring vehicle fuels. These may indicate that changes taking place threaten the existing precautions for controlling these hazards. It is a...