The evaluation of the impact of various measures on the EU refining industry is generally based on the assumption that refiners will invest in order to meet both future demand and product specifications. Reality may be less clear-cut. While some refiners will indeed...
Prolonged exposure to excessive noise may cause damage to an individual’s hearing ability or a so-called ‘Noise-Induced Hearing Loss’ (NIHL). In EU Member States, occupational exposure to noise is controlled by legislation based on the requirements of European Council...
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified certain individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as carcinogenic to animals and probably carcinogenic to humans. Current PAH concentrations in European ambient air are the lowest ever...
Directive 1999/45/EC, the revised Dangerous Preparation Directive (DPD), has recently replaced the original Directive 88/379/EEC. The scope of the DPD has been expanded to include environmental classification and labelling criteria for preparations, revised disclosure...
In response to growing concern over urban air quality in the European Union, the 90s saw an unprecedented legislative focus on reducing emissions from road transport. The Consolidated Vehicles Directive (CVD) and its revision (Council Directives 91/441/EEC and...
