Concawe Review 34.1 – Article 4: This article provides a technical synthesis of an S&P Global Commodity Insights study commissioned by Concawe to assess the potential evolution of Europe’s refining and liquid fuel production sectors to 2050 under a net-zero...
Concawe Review 34.1 – Article 3: Aviation affects climate not only through CO2 emissions, but also through a range of short-lived non-CO2 effects. This article provides an overview of the main non-CO2 emissions from aircraft, including NOx, water vapour,...
Concawe Review 34.1 – Article 2: Decarbonising transport is crucial for Europe’s greenhouse gas reduction goals, with biofuels expected to play a key role, particularly in the aviation and maritime sectors where electrification is challenging. Among the Annex IX...
Concawe Review 34.1 – Article 1: Advanced biofuels are expected to play an important role in decarbonising the EU transport sector, particularly in hard-to-abate segments such as aviation, maritime transport and heavy-duty road transport. However, key questions...
The oil supply crisis and closure of the Strait of Hormuz due to the US-Iran war, and the summer heatwaves and wildfires are prompting European leaders to accelerate the energy transition, to reduce dependency on fossil crude oil and to accelerate the use of local...
