Passenger cars in many parts of the world are now routinely operating on blends of oxygenated molecules and gasoline. Both ethanol and ethers, such as ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), are being used in Europe in order to improve vehicle emissions performance and...
For many years, it has been recognised that energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector are expected to rise over the coming decades, with increasing demand for passenger and freight transport offsetting efficiency gains. In fact,...
‘Microbe’ is an overly general term for a wide range of bacteria, fungi and yeasts that are frequently found in air and water, and are capable of building themselves a comfortable home in fuel supply storage tanks and distribution systems. These micron-sized cells...
The EU’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC) mandates that 10% of transport fuels on an energy basis must be derived from sustainably produced, renewable sources by 2020. As also required by the RED, each Member State must evaluate how they intend to reach...
In 2000, when the ‘JEC’ Consortium was formed (see the box on page 7), the first area identified for joint research was the ‘cradle-to-grave’ comparison of conventional and alternative road fuels and powertrains in Europe. In those early days, ‘Well-to-Wheels’...
