In October 2000 the European Commission published an all-encompassing Directive for water. Five years on from the first concept, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was intended to replace a patchwork of other legislation, often overlapping and even contradictory,...
Water is an essential resource that has, over the years, come progressively higher on the international agenda because of its intimate relationship with both human health and ecosystem development. In the 40 years of CONCAWE’s existence water quality over the world in...
Report no. 4/03: This report has been prepared as a guidance manual for refining environmental and planning personnel who must prepare for the permitting and operational implications of the IPPC regulations which become applicable to existing operations in...
The determination of the oil content of refinery effluent water has long been a subject of studies. CONCAWE first published a report on oil in water analysis in 1972. Although we all know what ‘oil’ is, it cannot be defined scientifically as it may contain millions...
