Report no. 10/24: This report has been prepared by ERM for Concawe with the aim of describing current water use in EU refineries, establishing the refining water footprint, and examining alternatives practices which may help to reduce future stress on local freshwater...
Petroleum refinery effluents (PRE) are wastewaters from industries associated with oil refining. Within Europe, PREs are regulated through local discharge permits and receive substantial treatment before emission. After treatment, PREs can still contain low levels of...
Report no. 16/22: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis is one of the most commonly used analytical methods to indirectly measure organic pollutants in effluent waters. The standard COD methods use potassium dichromate which is restricted under the REACH regulation....
Report no. 13/22: This report provides an assessment of the extent to which toxicity testing is carried on European refinery effluents, and the types of tests being used. The analysis is based on responses given to Concawe water use and effluent quality surveys...
Report no. 11/22: This report provides an overview of spot and passive sampling data of three refinery effluents after treatment that were collected for chemical and ecotoxicological effluent assessment. The report includes a discussion of the relationships between...
