The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, adopted in September 1996, requires Member States to issue permits for major industrial installations (such as oil refineries) to promote the use of Best Available Techniques (BAT) for...
Historically, environmental legislation has been driven by either ‘available technology’ or ‘environmental quality’. In the former approach, available technology is applied to progressively reduce emissions of the pollutants of concern. It implies that a common...
Following the completion of the formal ‘conciliation procedure’ of the EU Institutions, a joint text for the revision of the 1988 Directive (88/609/EEC) on ‘the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from Large Combustion Plants’ was approved by...
In response to growing concern over urban air quality in the European Union, the 90s saw an unprecedented legislative focus on reducing emissions from road transport. The Consolidated Vehicles Directive (CVD) and its revision (Council Directives 91/441/EEC and...
The European ‘Stage 1’ Directive 94/63/EC on the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions mandates the installation of vapour emission controls for automotive gasoline storage and loading of road and rail tankers and inland waterway barges. Ship loading...
