Concawe Reports

Assessment of Chemical Oxygen Demand/Total Organic Carbon (COD/TOC) ratios in refinery effluents

Report no. 16/22: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis is one of the most commonly used analytical methods to indirectly measure organic pollutants in effluent waters. The standard COD methods use po...

Waste to products – Technology and economic assessment (phase 1)

The EMG and Soil Wastes and Groundwater group (SWG) of the EI and Concawe have commissioned E4tech to conduct a technical analysis of waste-to-products (WTP) technologies that could be integrated with...

European downstream oil industry safety performance

Report no. 8/22: The 2021 annual report on European downstream oil industry safety performance presents work-related personal injuries for the industry’s own employees and contractors and process sa...

Estimating the CO2 intensities of EU refinery products: Statistical Regression Methodology

Report no. 15/22: This study aims at estimating the CO2 intensity of petroleum products at the gate of an average EU refinery (refining step of the production process, excluding upstream and downstrea...

PetroRisk version 8.01 – User Manual

Report no. 14/22: This report provides a detailed description of version 8.01 of Concawe’s PetroRisk model: (1) conceptual design, (2) main improvements compared to previous versions, (3) KNIME, the...

A review of toxicity testing conducted on European refinery effluents in 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019

Report no. 13/22: This report provides an assessment of the extent to which toxicity testing is carried on European refinery effluents, and the types of tests being used. The analysis is based on resp...

Qualitative and Quantitative comparison of field-based analytical technologies for petroleum hydrocarbons determination in soils

Report no. 12/22: The performance of seven field-based technologies including 3 portable solvent-based technologies and 4 handheld solvent free technologies were evaluated for petroleum hydrocarbons d...

Effects based methods (EBMs) in combination with passive sampling of refinery streams

Report no. 11/22: This report provides an overview of spot and passive sampling data of three refinery effluents after treatment that were collected for chemical and ecotoxicological effluent assessme...

Guidance on the compilation of Safety Data Sheets for Petroleum Products

Report no. 9/22: This Guidance addresses the specific Concawe recommendations for authoring of (extended) Safety Data Sheets for Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or of Biolog...

Evaluation of plug-in hybrid vehicles in real-world conditions

Report no. 10/22: Assessing the real-world energetic performance and emissions of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) is complex. First, because of the complexity of the powertrain itself, pairing thermal...

Biodiversity Impact Assessment of future biomass provision for biofuel production – Phase 1

This study aims to determine environmental impacts on biodiversity due to biomass production for bioenergy use. For this purpose the Biodiversity Impact Assessment (B.I.A.) method presented by Lindner...

Petroleum refinery effluent contribution to chemical mixture toxic pressure in the environment

Report no. 7/22: Petroleum refinery effluents (PRE) are wastewaters from industries associated with oil refining. Within EU, PREs are regulated through local discharge permits and receive significant...

User Manual for Concawe LNAPL Toolbox

Report no. 5/22: LNAPL stands for “Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids” or hydrocarbons that exist as a separate undissolved phase in the subsurface at some sites with legacy releases of fuels. They a...

Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines – Statistical summary of reported spillages in 2020 and since 1971

Report no. 6/22: Concawe has collected 50 years of spillage data on European cross-country oil pipelines. At nearly 36,000 km the current inventory includes the majority of such pipelines in Europe, t...

Definition Guidelines of Water Reuse, Recycling and Reclamation for European Refinery Sector

Report no. 4/22: The current Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference document (BREF) for the mineral oil refining sector (REF BREF) contains requirements such as reducing water consumption by water...

Impacts of low carbon technologies on environmental parameters: air/water/waste

Report no. 3/22: Concawe’s Low Carbon Pathways (LCP) programme aims to identify opportunities and challenges for different low-carbon technologies and feedstocks to achieve a significant reduction o...

Literature review of Particulate Matter (PM) from transport with a special focus on organic aerosols

Report no. 2/22: Several recent scientific studies on urban air quality have suggested that air quality modelling based on current emission inventories for mobile sources systematically underestimates...

Technological, Operational and Energy Pathways for Maritime Transport to Reduce Emissions Towards 2050

This is the final report from a study for OGCI and Concawe on the “Technological, Operational and Energy Pathways for Maritime Transport to Reduce Emissions Towards 2050”. The context for this stu...

ERTRAC – Technology and Research Perspective on the “Fit for 55” Package Proposal

In its Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), the European Road Transport Research Advisory Council (ERTRAC) has committed to the objective of a carbon-neutral road transport system by 2050. Therefore, we s...

Literature review on CNG / H2 mixtures for heavy-duty CNG vehicles

Report no. 10/21: Sustainably produced hydrogen (H2) is seen as a low carbon fuel for transportation. Likewise compressed natural gas (CNG) could reduce CO2 emissions from vehicles, especially if it i...

Re-Stream: Study on the reuse of oil and gas infrastructure for hydrogen and CCS in Europe

In the European Green Deal, the EU has set itself the ambitious target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, with an intermediate target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by...

LCA of low carbon fuels passenger cars (SIA paper)

This joint study between Aramco and Concawe uses a Cradle-to-Grave approach to assess the life cycle impacts of passenger car vehicles including emissions related to the manufacturing and infrastructu...

Developing worker and consumer exposure scenarios for identified uses of petroleum substances under REACH – 2020 edition

Report no. 9/21: This report sets out the approaches that Concawe has adopted in developing worker and consumer Exposure Scenarios for identified uses of petroleum substances under REACH. Exposure Sce...

First Aid Reference Guide – 2021 update

Report no. 8/21: The “First Aid Reference Guide – 2021 update” is designed to provide additional information on the first aid measures in the event of significant on-site exposures to petroleum...