There are various circumstances, in particular in the context of life cycle analyses (LCA) where it may be desirable to establish the footprint of fossil fuels in terms of cost, energy or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This legitimate expectation raises a specific...
Report no. 8/08: This report presents an integrated assessment of the impact of product quality and demand changes on EU refineries between 2000 and 2020 in terms of investment requirements, energy consumption and CO2 emissions. It further explores the potential of...
Air pollutant emissions from motor vehicles have fallen dramatically over the past two decades as a result of continuing improvements in engine and after treatment technologies to meet lower regulated emissions limits, and in the quality of fuel used to power these...
European road traffic has increased dramatically over the past several decades and the same growth is now being seen in many other parts of the world. This increased demand has brought new challenges for the vehicle and fuel industries, especially the need to lower...
The current focus on climate issues and, more specifically, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is generating much debate regarding emission sources and reduction options. Oil refineries are amongst the so-called ‘energy-intensive industries that do emit large quantities...
