Alternative approaches to traditional animal testing are being promoted to support regulatory chemical risk assessments for environment and human health. The Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) has validated some in vitro test methods, but these methods are...
The environmental persistence of a substance plays a key role in determining its exposure to humans and other organisms, making this an important component in the risk assessment and management of chemicals. Regulatory persistence assessments generally involve a...
VITO/EnergyVille was commissioned by Concawe to conduct a comprehensive study on the effects of potential ‘Net-Zero’ pathways in Belgium on air pollutant emissions covered under National Emission reduction Commitments (NEC) Directive (i.e., NOx, SOx, fine particulate...
Report no. 6/25: This report identifies twenty-seven (27) innovative techniques to treat a selected list of organics substances, inorganic substances and heavy metals, based on a literature review, consultation with Concawe member companies and waste water treatment...
Report no. 5/25: Wastewater from refinery operation contains various pollutants that shall be purified prior to wastewater emitted to sea. A major pollutant is hydrocarbon remains. Wastewater collection and treatment facilities in European refineries are generally not...
