Accurately calculating the global carbon balance in oil refinery and petroleum product end-use systems is a challenge of nightmare proportions. All except the lightest of the output streams are of uncertain and variable chemical composition. Oil refining deals with...
Under the Auto/Oil I (AO I) study work in 1996, the EU commission contracted A.D. Little associated with Touche Ross to provide the basis for the cost effects of changes to gasoline and diesel fuels characteristics. The AO I programme finally resulted in a full set of...
The second European Auto/Oil Programme (AO II) mentioned in the preceding articles has involved the European Commission, together with Member States, industry1 and the NGO community, over the past three years. A major goal of this programme has been to assess...
The ‘Precautionary Principle’ has become very much a part of the vocabulary of the general environmental scene today. It has found its way into various international declarations and conventions, is being reflected in national legislation and is also included...
The air quality limit values which the European Commission has been working on for the last couple of years apply to ambient air. In this sense, ‘ambient air’ is defined as outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplaces. The purpose of the air quality limit...
