Understanding the volatility of ethanol/gasoline blends

Understanding the volatility of ethanol/gasoline blends

The EU’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC) mandates that 10% of transport fuels on an energy basis must be derived from sustainably produced, renewable sources by 2020. As also required by the RED, each Member State must evaluate how they intend to reach...
Review of dermal effects and uptake of petroleum hydrocarbons

Review of dermal effects and uptake of petroleum hydrocarbons

Report no. 5/10: This report serves as an update to and an extension of a previous CONCAWE report on dermal absorption of petroleum hydrocarbons (Petroleum hydrocarbons:their absorption through and effects on the skin, CONCAWE Report 84/54, 1984). To contribute to...
Guidelines for handling and blending FAME

Guidelines for handling and blending FAME

Report no. 9/09: This report provides guidance on the handling and blending of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), as a neat product and at concentrations up to 10% v/v in diesel fuel. The major challenges associated with diesel fuels containing FAME are discussed as...