E-Fuels: A techno-economic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (Concawe Report 17/22)
Report no. 17/22: Concawe and Aramco have jointly commissioned this study, aiming to conduct a techno-environmental (Part 1) and economic (Part 2) analysis of different e-fuels pathways produced in different regions of the world (North, Centre and South of Europe, as...
Assessment of Chemical Oxygen Demand/Total Organic Carbon (COD/TOC) ratios in refinery effluents
Report no. 16/22: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis is one of the most commonly used analytical methods to indirectly measure organic pollutants in effluent waters. The standard COD methods use potassium dichromate which is restricted under the REACH regulation....
Waste to products – Technology and economic assessment (phase 1)
The EMG and Soil Wastes and Groundwater group (SWG) of the EI and Concawe have commissioned E4tech to conduct a technical analysis of waste-to-products (WTP) technologies that could be integrated within the European refining system in the 2030 and 2050 timeframe. This...