Algae to Liquid Biofuels – State of Industry and Technology Literature Review

Mar 28, 2025

Report no. 3/25: Decarbonizing transport is crucial for Europe’s GHG reduction goals, with biofuels expected to play a key role, particularly in aviation and maritime sectors, where electrification is challenging. Among the Annex IX biofeedstocks in the Renewable...

Study on the potential evolution of Refining and Liquid Fuels production in Europe

Mar 14, 2025

Concawe engaged S&P Global Commodity Insights (SPGCI) to analyse the potential impact of the EU’s target to achieve net-zero emission by 2050 on the region’s refining industry and security of supply under two scenarios. The focus of this study, which was...

A Review of Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Gas Firing in Combustion Units at Refineries

Jan 29, 2025

Report no. 2/25: Particulate matter is defined as either filterable (FPM) or condensable (CPM) and by size: FPM2.5 refers to filterable particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm and FPM10 those ≤10 μm. Total filterable PM is referred to as total suspended...

Measurements of emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) and Semi-Volatile and Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds (S/IVOC) from refinery sources – Phase 1: A refinery fuel gas-fired heater

Jan 22, 2025

Report no. 1/25: This report provides the results from two measurement campaigns carried out on a gas-fired heater at a refinery in north-west Europe. The main purposes of the campaigns were i) to measure the emissions of primary particulate matter (PM) and also the...

Sustainable Remediation: Identification of sustainable management practices (SMPs) for remediation projects at fuel manufacturing sites

Dec 16, 2024

This report presents the results of the initial phase of the project and is the culmination of a workshop held by Concawe in April 2024 and subsequent inputs from Concawe members and the CL:AIRE/ERM team. The primary objective of the project was to develop a shortlist...