Articles
PetroRisk version 8.01: Improved model for performing REACH Environmental Risk Assessments on petroleum substances
A novel approach for assessing the biodegradability of constituents in petroleum substances
Generation of biodegradability data on petroleum constituents using enhanced tests (OECD guideline 301 F)
Hydrocarbon space mapping to support gas oil read-across for human health hazard assessment
Fuel effects on modern diesel passenger car and commercial vehicle emissions (Concawe Review 31.1)
Fifty years of European oil pipeline safety and environmental performance statistics (Concawe Review 31.1)
How additional actions in the road transport sector could improve air quality in Europe — an extension of the Concawe urban air quality studies (Concawe Review 31.1)
Technological, operational and energy pathways for maritime transport to reduce emissions towards 2050 (Concawe Review 31.1)
Predicting vapour composition and flammability in a fuel tank (Concawe Report 30.2)
Hydrogen for Europe (Concawe Review 30.2)
Low-carbon liquid fuels: exploring potential ways to contribute to the 2050 EU climate ambition goals (Concawe Review 30.2)
Sustainable biomass availability in the EU towards 2050 (RED II Annex IX, Parts A and B) (Concawe Review 30.2)
Concawe’s response to the publication and presentation of T&E’s report “Magic green fuels: Why synthetic fuels in cars will not solve Europe’s pollution problems?”
Regulator-suggested ‘temperature correction’ of biodegradation rates leads to overestimation of persistence for hydrocarbon substances (Concawe Review 30.1)
The optimal vehicle electrification level in a battery-constrained future (Concawe Review 30.1)
Concawe’s transport and fuel outlook towards the EU 2030 climate targets (baseline and sensitivity analysis) (Concawe Review 30.1)
How Covid-19 lockdown affected air pollution in Europe — a multi-city analysis (Concawe Review 30.1)
Understanding the process of setting air quality limit values and the associated compliance challenge—the ozone study (Concawe Review 30.1)
Technology scouting—carbon capture: from today’s to novel technologies (Concawe Review 29.2)
A Clean Planet for all: an impact assessment of the potential implications for the refining system and the link with ‘Refinery 2050’ (Concawe Review 29.2)
JEC Well-to-Wheels study version 5: a look into the carbon intensity of different fuel/powertrain combinations in 2030 (Concawe Review 29.2)
A review of the options for decarbonising maritime transport by 2050 (Concawe Review 29.2)
Impact analysis of mass EV adoption and low-carbon intensity fuels scenarios (Concawe Review 27.2)
High-octane petrol (HOP) study: making gasoline relevant for the future of road transport (Concawe Review 28.1)
Running high-octane petrol in a suitably adapted engine (Concawe Review 29.1)
Exploring possible pathways for the EU refining system to contribute to a low-CO2 economy in the 2030–2050 time frame (Concawe Review 29.1)
Exploring possible pathways for the EU refining system to contribute to a low-CO2 economy 29 in the 2030–2050 time frame (Concawe Review 29.1)
Understanding the process of setting air quality limit values and the associated compliance challenge
Running high-octane petrol in suitably adapted engine (Concawe Review 29.1)
High-octane petrol (HOP) study: making gasoline relevant for the future of transport
Outlook for battery raw materials (Concawe Review 28.1)
A look into the role of e-fuels in the transport system in Europe (2030–2050) (Concawe Review 28.1)
A look into the maximum potential availability and demand for low-carbon feedstocks/fuels in Europe (2020–2050) (literature review) (Concawe Review 27.2)
Successfully limiting product theft from European oil pipelines
Impact analysis of mass EV adoption and low-carbon intensity fuels scenarios (Review Article)
A look into the maximum potential availability and demand for low-carbon feedstocks/fuels in Europe (2020–2050) (literature review)
The importance of carbon capture and storage technology in European refineries (Concawe Review 27.1)
Interview with Dr Mike Spence, Concawe’s Science Executive for Water, Soil and Waste and Oil Pipelines
Life-cycle analysis- a look into the key parameters affecting life-cycle CO2 emissions of passengers cars
Climate impacts of particulate pollutants emitted from international shipping
A comparison of the impacts of Euro 6 diesel passenger cars and ZEVs on urban air quality compliance
The low-dose benzene debate needs a sharp blade
Concawe sheds new light on the recently reported low-dose benzene phenomenon.
The EU refining industry and the challenge of the IMO global sulphur limit for bunker fuels
As refineries face the prospect of a 0.5% m/m global sulphur limit in marine fuel oil by 2020, a number of studies have been carried out to assess the challenges they will face in meeting the demand for lower-sulphur marine fuels.
New Concawe web-based water use/effluent quality survey
A new survey aims to address EU initiatives on the sustainable use of water resources.
Concawe Safety Management Group: strategy review
Improving safety performance in the European downstream oil industry.
Recent studies on real driving emissions of diesel passenger cars
Investigating on-road diesel car emissions using a range of vehicles and test cycles.
European cross-country oil pipelines
Monitoring the safety and environmental performance of Europe’s oil pipelines.
Real-world emissions measurements of a GDI passenger car with and without a gasoline particulate filter
A new study aims to evaluate the effects of a gasoline particulate filter on NOx and PN emissions from GDI passenger vehicles under real driving conditions.
Validation of a simulation model for the assessment of CO2 emissions of passenger cars under real-world conditions
The gap between real-world fuel consumption and manufacturers’ figures has been increasing since 2001. Could the use of generic simulation models making use of on-road test data provide a more accurate approach to measuring fuel consumption and CO2 emissions?
Using forest carbon credits to offset emissions in the downstream business
Current policy conditions are not generally conducive to the use of voluntary carbon credits in the refining sector. Could the development of ‘carbon neutral’ petrol and/or diesel fuel using forest carbon credits provide a solution?
A review of REACH registration for petroleum substances in 2016
Downstream oil industry safety statistics for 2015
Optical gas imaging: from qualitative to quantitative
Downstream oil industry safety statistics for 2013
Downstream oil industry safety statistics for 2013
Abating fugitive VOC emissions more efficiently
Comparing best available techniques for detecting refinery fugitive emissions
Spark versus compression ignition in a new energy environment
Dieselisation of the fuel market is accelerating as commercial transport increases and as the fuel consumption of new passenger cars decreases.
CBA under the microscope
Concawe Comments on the Key Submissions Associated with 5th Stakeholder Expert Group of the Air Quality Policy Review held in Brussels, 3rd April 2013
Concentration Response Functions for Morbidity Endpoints under the Project HRAPIE
A review of the concentration response functions for morbidity endpoints under the HRAPIE project was conducted.
CBA under the microscope
Ecosystem services under the microscope
Science and Policy interface: role of integrated assessment modelling (IAM) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
Uncertainties under the microscope
Air quality and health: looking ahead
Developments in EU refining: looking ahead to 2020 and beyond
Evaluating energy pathways: from well to wheels
Forward-looking perspective on oil and gas production in Europe
Petrochemical feedstocks: the cornerstone of competitiveness
Petroleum products and REACH: looking ahead
Renewable fuels: looking ahead to 2020
The future of water quality management for the refining industry
Transportation and fuels: looking ahead at aviation
Transportation and fuels: looking ahead at heavy-duty vehicles
Transportation and fuels: looking ahead at the future of marine fuels
Well-to-Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context
A joint study by EUCAR / JRC / CONCAWE – Summary of ResultsHeinz Hass, FORDJean-François Larivé, CONCAWEVincent Mahieu, JRC/IES
European cross-country oil pipelines
Fifty years of air quality conservation
As important today as it was 50 years ago
Fifty years of fuel quality and vehicle emissions
Formation of ‘Stichting CONCAWE’ in 1963
Health research over 50 years
Providing information and guidance on water and soil management
Supporting the oil industry’s commitment to safe operations
Understanding the causes of incidents is essential for improved safety management
The evolution of oil refining in Europe
A new ‘pooled’ analysis of benzene effects on human health
Benchmarking CO2 emissions from European refineries
Evaluating the Value of a Life Year (VOLY)
Air quality policies depend on realistic values for both societal costs and societal benefits.
Interview with CONCAWE’s first Research Associate
Lucia Gonzalez Bajos talks about her experience as CONCAWE’s first Research Associate.
CONCAWE’s market fuel survey: assessing progress in biofuel blending
Europe’s oil pipelines: 40 years of results
Petroleum products: looking back over the past 50 years
REACH: petroleum industry support to registration and compliance
Reducing the concentration of fine particulates in ambient air
Three factors are discussed that should be considered for a robust air quality policy.
Refinery energy systems and efficiency
Downstream oil industry safety statistics for 2010
The 2010 safety statistics report analyses personal injury and process safety statistics.
The potential for CO2 capture and storage in EU refineries
Using biological methods to assess and monitor refinery effluents
EN 16214: A new European standard for sustainable biofuels
Gasoline volatility and vehicle performance
Downstream oil industry safety statistics
The 2009 safety statistics report focuses on personal injuries and process safety incidents for the European refining industry.
Interview with CONCAWE’s Technical Coordinator for Health Sciences
Microbes in the system
The JEC Biofuels Study
Increasing renewable energy in transport
The JEC Well-to-Wheels Study
Understanding the volatility of ethanol/gasoline blends
Disposing of used lubricating oils
The disposal of used lubricating oils is regulated in the EU by the Waste Oil Directive1 (as well as other waste directives).
CONCAWE’S role in REACH registration
The ‘end of the beginning’ of the REACH registration process
COPEX 2010
The four-yearly gathering of the EU’s oil pipeline experts
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR)
Capturing and reporting industrial pollutant emissions data
Fuels for advanced combustion engines
Better performance by engine and fuel working together
The impact of biodiesel on vehicle performance
Evaluating fuel consumption and emissions in modern diesel vehicles
CONCAWE sulphur survey
Tracking the fate of sulphur through the refining process
CONCAWE sulphur survey
Tracking the fate of sulphur through the refining process
Downstream oil industry safety statistics
2007 and 2008 reports have been published
New refinery effluent survey
Additional data requirement under the REACH risk assessments
Benchmarking of refinery CO2 emissions
The CWT methodology provides a way forward
Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the mineral oil and gas refineries
Revision of the refinery BAT reference document is now under way
Impact of marine fuels quality legislation on EU refineries at the 2020 horizon
Momentous changes are afoot in the marine fuels world
Substance Information Exchange Fora (SIEFs) for petroleum substances
Collaboration amongst REACH registrants has commenced
The footprint of petroleum fuels
How much energy and GHG emissions are associated with fossil fuels?
Downstream oil industry safety statistics
2006 Report
Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines
Statistical summary of reported spillages in 2006 and since 1971
Reducing the sulphur content of marine fuels
Could the cure be worse than the disease?
Advanced combustion engines for low emissions and high efficiency
CONCAWE test programme on HCCI combustion technologies
Particle emissions from modern vehicles
Vehicle and fuel effects on particulate mass and ultra-fine particles
Advanced combustion engines for low emissions and high efficiency
CONCAWE literature review on HCCI combustion technologies
CO2 emissions from EU refineries
History, trends and mitigating options
Cost-benefit analysis and air quality policy
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is an important tool for estimating societal costs and benefits.
Cost-benefit analysis for air quality policies
An update and an IPPC Directive case study
Mandatory collaboration of all registrants under REACH
CONCAWE has established early contacts with potential SIEF members
The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive
The justification for its proposed revision is further challenged by the findings of the Euro-Delta Project
The compliance challenge from measuring PM10 concentrations
Correction factors can make all the difference
The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
A publicly available display of industrial emissions
The future composition of the EU road fuel pool
The potential impact of climate legislation
Assessing the environmental sensitivity of petrol filling station locations across Europe
The need for a risk-based approach to implementing the Groundwater Directive
Human biomonitoring
A sophisticated technique which requires an equally sophisticated interpretation framework
New ship emissions inventory for the Mediterranean Sea
Recent study sheds new light on earlier work
Switching world shipping to marine diesel?
A wholesale shift to distillate fuel would have a momentous impact on the refining sector and fuel markets worldwide
The authorisation of substances under REACH
What is the process?
Water Environmental Quality Standards
Requirements must fit the objectives
Evaluation of health impacts in an environmental cost benefit analysis
The challenge of allocating a monetary value to changes in human health due to air pollution
French service station study of ambient benzene levels (2005)
New data demonstrate that benzene levels in air around service stations continue to fall
How can EU refineries cope with future transport fuels demand?
The importance of the relative development of the gasoline and diesel fuel markets
Pipeline integrity
Focus on pipeline ageing and third-party interference
The Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution— under the microscope
Analysing the implications of the Commission’s ambitious air pollution targets
PETROTOX—CONCAWE’s ecotoxicity predictor for petroleum products
A user-friendly tool to assess aquatic toxicity hazard of complex petroleum and related substances
COPEX 2006
The oil pipeline community met in Brussels
Evaporative emissions and ethanol blends
Another technical contribution from the JRC/EUCAR/CONCAWE consortium
From science to advocacy
The CAFE experience
Groundwater and the groundwater daughter directive
Key features and potential impact on the downstream petroleum industry
Reducing the sulphur content of residual marine fuels
What will be the consequences for refiners and for market prices?
Registration of petroleum substances under REACH
How CONCAWE can support its Members in the registration process
The case for Gothenburg
The benefit of including all ‘Gothenburg Protocol’ countries in the scope of the National Emission Ceilings Directive Review
EU-wide BAT—an expensive suit that doesn’t fit everybody!
What light does the CAFE programme shed on the concept of a common EU-wide BAT in the context of the IPPC Directive?
Impacts of air pollutant caps on climate
Could policies designed to address air pollution impact climate?
Occupational risks to hearing reviewed
A review of CONCAWE’s work programme and the European Directives on noise at work
PAH content of diesel fuels
How EU refineries would be affected by a reduction of the current limit
Road fuels desulphurisation
How EU refineries are affected by the gradual move to a 10 ppm sulphur limit
The potential of biofuels for energy and GHG savings in road transport
Updated data from the joint European Well-to-Wheels study
The potential of biofuels for energy and GHG savings in road transport
Updated data from the joint European Well-to-Wheels study
Updated CONCAWE guidance for classification and labelling of petroleum substances
Impacts on petroleum substances containing benzene, 1,3-butadiene or toluene
A European framework for water quality
Key features and potential impacts on the downstream oil industry
Automotive PAH emissions
Effectively reduced with advancing emissions controls
ERTRAC—European Road Transport Research Advisory Council
A unique opportunity to improve the effectiveness of research on road transport in Europe
European cross-country pipelines
Performance report for 2003
Cost Benefit Analysis
Some basic concepts and issues
Downstream oil industry safety statistics
2003 report
Monitoring and reporting of CO2 emissions from oil refineries
Guidance for member companies
The City Delta project
Assessing urban air pollutant effects
The cost-effectiveness of NOx abatement in European refineries
Checking the consistency of data
Chemicals control legislation
What are the implications of the REACH proposal for the downstream oil industry?
Emissions regulations and fuel specifications
Maintaining awareness of worldwide developments
Understanding gasoline volatility and ethanol effects
Joint programmes on driveability and evaporative emissions
Advanced Conventional Fuels and Vehicles
Neville Thompson, CONCAWETechnical Coordinator Fuels quality and Emissions
Advanced vehicles and fuels
Some recent emissions results
Joint European Well-to-Wheels study
An analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context
Safety
A constant challenge
Whole Effluent Assessment (WEA)
A new approach to assessment and control of water quality
Air quality
CONCAWE’s contribution to an area of continued legislative focus
Fuel quality and emissions
Rising to the challenges of increasingly demanding fuel specifications
Health
Understanding the health concerns behind environmental regulatory initiatives
Oil pipelines
Monitoring the performance of European cross-country oil pipelines
Petroleum products
From Classification and Labelling to Risk Assessments
Safety
Supporting the oil industry’s commitment to safe operation
Water and waste
Providing guidance to the industry on water and waste management
Emissions from modern gasoline vehicles
A problem essentially solved?
Establishing Air Quality Limit Values
A key element of the CAFE programme
EUCAR/JRC/CONCAWE well-to-wheels study
Interim results contribute to the Commission’s work on alternative fuels
Exposure of asphalt workers to bitumen fumes
Independent epidemiological study by IARC
Modelling the European refining industry
Focus on cost and CO2 emissions
Occupational exposures to gasoline vapour
Additional data collected and analysed
Oil in water analysis
What is being measured?
Sulphur-free fuels are on the way
Which advanced vehicle technologies are emerging?
Regulations to control emissions and fuel implications
NEVILLE D. THOMPSON, JEAN FRANCOIS LARIVECONCAWE, Brussels
6th CONCAWE pipeline seminar
COPEX 2002: a focus on pipeline management
AIRNET
A thematic network to interpret research into health effects from air pollution
Downstream oil industry safety statistics
2000 update
Future road transport and associated fuels
Will conventional fuels remain the dominant component of road fuels supply over the next two decades?
Refinery sulphur emission reductions reflect the different regional needs
SO2 emissions legislation and the north/south divide
The focus on aromatics in automotive fuels specifications
Can further reductions in aromatic hydrocarbons be environmentally justified?
Biofuels
What are the real savings?
Emissions from modern diesel engines
How important are diesel fuel properties other than sulphur?
Non-road diesel
Status and possible developments
SO2 emissions from ships in Europe
Can restrictions in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic be environmentally justified?
The refinery BAT reference document
An important document with a potential for misuse
Western European oil pipelines
30 years of spillage performance monitoring
CEC reorganization
Additional role for CONCAWE
Future EU air legislation
Target or technology driven?
Hydrogen
A CO2-free fuel?
The potential of Whole Effluent Assessment
The revised Large Combustion Plant Directive
A major challenge
Air quality trends in London confirm predictions
Automotive emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Could tougher specifications affect diesel supply?
Dangerous Preparations Directive
Hearing trends in noiseexposed oil refinery workers
Integrity of oil pipelines in Western Europe
Keeping abreast of emission regulations and fuel specifications
Aquatic toxicity testing for petroleum substances
Automotive particulate emissions
Growing knowledge in a complex area
Emission control at marine terminals
Results of recent CONCAWE studies
Is a 10-ppm sulphur limit on road fuels desirable?
Regional ozone in Europe
Would further VOC control measures be effective?
The legislative maze
In how many different ways are refineries to be controlled?
Carbon, sulphur and hydrogen in oil refineries
In order to meet new fuels specifications, refineries need to reduce carbon and sulphur contents of petroleum fuels and therefore use more hydrogen. The net result is an increase in global CO2 emissions.
Estimating the implications of road fuels quality changes on the EU refining industry
CONCAWE has developed the tools and techniques to guide oil refinery cost and CO2 emission studies.
European air quality: changing priorities
Some insights from the second European Auto/Oil Programme.
Global harmonized system of hazard communication for chemicals
Non-harmonized classification and labelling lists can be a nightmare when products are traded ‘out of region’.
MTBE in gasoline
MTBE faces a ban in the USA—can its use in Europe still be justified?
Personal exposure to air pollutants
There is increased complexity of personal exposures when compared with exposures to ambient outdoor air concentrations alone.
The impact of Auto/Oil I and II on refinery costs and global CO2 emissions.
The EU Commission’s independent consultants recently published their results on the consequences of Auto/Oil II in terms of refinery costs. In addition CONCAWE has estimated the associated changes in global CO2 emissions.
The Precautionary Principle
Dr J. Brandt and D.E. Martin, Concawe, Belgium, consider the role of the ‘Precautionary Principle’ in the balance between environmental needs and the demands of economics.
Health effects of ambient PM— an update
More research is needed to manage air quality effectively for PM.
Ambient particulate matter: sources and apportioning
Both current and predicted levels of PM emissions are subject to great uncertainty; hence the development of meaningful air quality strategies is complicated.
Exposure profiles
Publication of exposure profile for kerosines/jet fuels.
Fuels and engines need to be developed together
An essential, but difficult objective to meet.
Mobile phones
Are they a hazard to more than your sanity?
Particulates and policy— the role of models
Much work on the development of reliable models still needs to be done to address concerns over particulate emissions.
Assessing the monetary benefit of improving air quality
Can decision-makers trust these monetary benefit figures?
Best Available Techniques to reduce emissions from refineries
CONCAWE will play a full part in the development of the BAT reference document for refineries.
CONCAWE issues guidelines on gasoline volatility aspects for year 2000 EN 228 standard
CONCAWE studied the impact of environmental gasoline specifications and car parc change on hot weather driveability performance.
Developments related to the Existing Substances Regulation
There is much debate among Member States, the EU Commission, industry and NGOs at present regarding the future of chemicals control on existing substances in the European Community.
Energy use and CO2 emissions in refinery operations
Processing requirements increase while energy efficiency improves.
The Seveso 2 Directive
The Directive should by now have been implemented in Member States. It forms the subject of the recent CONCAWE report No. 7/98
What will European air quality be like in the future?
Decisions on legislation for the future need to be based on the situation then, not on what it is now.
Acidification strategy sensitivity analysis
Flexibility leads to similar overall environmental protection at lower cost.
Automotive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
A CONCAWE literature study reveals the need for much more work;
CONCAWE will contribute.
Cost-effectiveness of marine vapour emissions control
CONCAWE updates its figures in the light of European and US experience.
Reclassification of petroleum substances
New data and new hazard criteria necessitate a report update, now also available on the Internet.
The ‘Precautionary Principle’
Application in a multi-issue world.
The hazards of static electricity
Static electricity has been known for many years to be able to ignite petroleum vapours. Nevertheless, accidents continue to happen. Why is this?
Automotive particulate matter
The ongoing search for basic knowledge
Cost-effectiveness of controls on sulphur emissions from ships
A review of CONCAWE data in the context of recent developments.
Critical loads and critical levels
CONCAWE supports the use of critical loads and critical levels in the assessment and management of athmospheric polluants, but believes that their implications must be understood.
An ozone abatement strategy for Europe?
Health protection should be the priority—but what are the real health benefits of costly proposals?
Modelling the dispersion of particulate matter in air
There are significant pressures for EU-wide modelling— but what are the current capabilities?
The challenges in automotive engineering
The dilemma
An introduction to particulate matter issues
Particulate matter : sources and presence in air.
APHEA – A pan-European study on the effect of air pollution
Analysis of reported data
Comparative severity of possible air quality limit values
A comparison between EU air quality data andpotential EU limit values.
Less oil in refinery effluents
A CONCAWE survey of European refineries has shown big reductions in the amount of oil discharged.
The European Union’s Acidification Strategy (I)
A potentially cost-effective option to reduce emissions in accordance with environmental requirements
The European Union’s Acidification Strategy (II)
Is it consistent with other envisaged EU legislationto control acidifying polluants?