Bitumen is a product with a long history of use as construction material in a wide variety of applications, such as road paving. Under normal ambient conditions bitumens are solid and do not present health or environmental hazards. However, most bitumen applications...
The risk assessment methodology requires data on exposure in order to make comparisons between so-called ‘no-effect-levels’, arising from health effect studies, and exposure cases as they occur during normal handling and use of the substance.
DG TREN’s initiatives on alternative fuels for road transport Following the publication of the Green Paper on the Security of Energy Supply in the autumn of 2001, the EU Commission and in particular DG TREN focused on anumber of actions to support the Green Paper’s...
Ten years of modelling experience It is now nearly 10 years since CONCAWE decided to develop a tool to model the European refining industry and evaluate the likely impact of future changes such as legislative measures affecting the quality of refinery products. There...
The final version of the revised EU Fuels Directive, 2003/17/EC, was published in March 2003. As expected, sulphur-free gasoline and diesel fuels (10 mg/kg maximum sulphur content), must be available on ‘an appropriate balanced geographic basis’ from 2005. Full market...
